Beley, Fedorovych, SYSTEM OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE

S.I. Beley, master-student
Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas
I.V. Fedorovych, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Applied Economics
Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas

SYSTEM OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE

Competitiveness is a market category that has a dynamic, changing nature. With unchanged quality characteristics of the product, its competitiveness can vary widely depending on the market situation, actions of competitors, price changes, advertising measures, etc. [1].
The competitiveness of the enterprise should be ensured by such indicators as high production efficiency, which is realized thanks to modern equipment, technologies, qualified employees and the ability to win and maintain stable positions in the market for a long time, which is ensured thanks to the effective use of marketing management principles.
We believe that the main conditions for ensuring competitiveness are:
1) application of scientific approaches to strategic management;
2) ensuring the unity of the development of engineering, technology, economy, management;
3) application of modern methods of research and development (programmatic and target planning, decision-making theory, etc.);
4) consideration of interrelationships of management functions of any process at all stages of the object's life cycle;
5) formation of a system of measures to ensure the competitiveness of various facilities.
Analysis of the enterprise's competitiveness on the market involves the study of factors affecting the attitude of buyers to the enterprise and its products. We agree with scientist S.I. Savchuk, that the factors-symptoms of competitiveness are its factors - the phenomena and processes of the production and economic activity of the enterprise and the socio-economic life of society, which cause a change in the level of competitiveness of the organization [2]. We believe that in view of this, the management of the organization's competitiveness means ensuring the optimal ratio of the components (factors) of competitiveness in the process of carrying out production and economic activities.
All factors of competitiveness can be conditionally divided into external and internal.
The factors of the external environment are extremely heterogeneous in their sources of origin, and are divided into three groups:
1) sectoral (these include mechanisms of intra-sectoral regulation, methods and level of intra-sectoral competition, state of demand, etc.);
2) macroeconomic (these include the general economic situation, the state and dynamics of solvent demand, mechanisms of state regulation of the economy, the availability and level of development of market infrastructure, etc.);
3) factors of the world economy (these include the state of world markets, the international division of labor, the dynamics of exchange rates, international agreements in the field of foreign trade, etc.).
Depending on the field of origin, external factors of competitiveness can be classified as follows:
1) scientific and technical factors - characterize the state and dynamics of scientific and technical progress, the level of equipment and technology, productivity and reliability of equipment, flexibility of production processes, etc.;
2) organizational and economic factors – reflect the general economic and industry situation, methods and mechanisms of economic activity regulation at the level of the state, regions and industries;
3) social factors – reflect the state and dynamics of social processes occurring at the macro and micro levels;
4) environmental factors – characterize the relationship between the enterprise's production and economic activity and the state of the environment;
5) political factors exert a significant influence on the level of competitiveness of the enterprise, which is most clearly manifested when the enterprise's products are sold on foreign markets, or when purchasing imported resources.
Internal factors are controlled factors of the company's activity.
These include:
1. Activities of the management and management apparatus of the enterprise (organizational and production structures of management, professional and qualified level of management personnel, etc.).
2. System of technological equipment. Updating equipment and technologies, i.e. replacing them with more advanced ones, ensures an increase in the competitiveness of the enterprise, strengthens the internal flexibility of production.
3. Raw materials, materials and semi-finished products. The quality of raw materials, the completeness of its processing and the amount of waste significantly affect the competitiveness of the company.
4. Sales of products, their volume and sales costs. The influence of this factor is essential for increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise. The company is trying to implement effective sales due to the sale of products that are in demand on the market, stimulation of the increase in sales volumes, expansion of sales markets.
The analysis of internal factors of influence is closely related to the analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise.
Therefore, when evaluating, forecasting and managing the competitiveness of a firm, it is necessary to take into account the entire set of internal and external factors that have influenced or can potentially influence its formation.
Thus, the concept of enterprise competitiveness includes a large complex of economic, legal, and other characteristics that determine the enterprise's position on the industry, regional, or global market. This complex may include product characteristics determined by the field of production, as well as factors that shape the overall economic conditions of production and sales of products. The level of competitiveness of a company is a mirror that reflects the overall results of the work of almost all its services, as well as the state of the external environment.

References:
1. Kadyrus I.H. Enterprise competitiveness and factors influencing it / I.H. Kadyrus // Effective economy. - 2014. - No. 5. - P. 24-28.
2. Competitiveness of the enterprise: assessment of the level and directions of improvement: Monograph / in general. ed. O.H. Yankovo – Odesa: Atlant, 2018.–470 p.